Diagnosis of Diabetes and Pre-diabetes

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Fasting plasma
glucose test
measures your blood glucose after you have gone at least 8 hours without eating.
Oral glucose tolerance test
measures your blood glucose after you have gone at least 8 hours without eating and 2 hours after you drink a glucose-containing beverage.
Random plasma glucose test
your doctor checks your blood glucose without regard to when you ate your last meal. This test is used to diagnose diabetes but not pre-diabetes.
How are diabetes and pre-diabetes diagnosed?
2-Hour Plasma Glucose Result (mg/dL)
Diagnosis
139 and below
Normal
140 to 199
Pre-diabetes
(impaired glucose tolerance)
200 and above
Diabetes*
When
Plasma Glucose Result (mg/dL)
Fasting
95 or higher
At 1 hour
180 or higher
At 2 hours
155 or higher
At 3 hours
140 or higher
99 and below
100 to 125
(impaired fasting glucose)
126 and above
Diagnosis of Diabetes and Pre-diabetes
*Confirmed by repeating the test on a different day.
Source: National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health. diabetes.niddk.nih.gov